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Organic semiconductor 

Organic semiconductor

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STM image of self-assembled supramolecular chains of the organic semiconductor Quinacridone on Graphite.

An organic semiconductor is any organic material that has semiconductor properties. A semiconductor is any compound whose electrical conductivity is between that of typical metals and that of insulating compounds. Single molecules, short chain (oligomers) and long chain (polymers) organic semiconductors are known. Examples of semiconducting small molecules (aromatic hydrocarbons) are : pentacene, anthracene and rubrene. Examples of polymers are: poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(p-phenylene vinylene), F8BT, as well as polyacetylene and its derivatives.

There are two major classes of organic semiconductors, which overlap significantly: organic charge-transfer complexes, and various "linear backbone" polymers derived from polyacetylene, such as polyacetylene itself, polypyrrole, and polyaniline. Charge-transfer complexes often exhibit similar conduction mechanisms to inorganic semiconductors, at least locally. This includes the presence of a hole and electron conduction layer and a band gap. As with inorganic amorphous semiconductors, tunneling, localized states, mobility gaps, and phonon-assisted hopping also contribute to conduction, particularly in polyacetylenes. Like inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors can be doped. Highly doped organic semiconductors, for example Polyaniline (Ormecon) and PEDOT:PSS, are also known as organic metals. 

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